For first-time drivers, car ownership is both exciting and intimidating. With most people passing their test in their late teens, getting behind the wheel and driving and maintaining a car is a big responsibility. Understanding how a car works and common issues you can face in your driving career can help you be a better driver and driver more safely too.

The Electrical System

The electrical system may seem intimidating, but it is essential to understand. Most car repairs will happen under the hood. The electrical system powers the engine. Once you turn the ignition, the electrical system comes online and powers the starter motor. The machine can't turn over if the starter isn't receiving power. The electrical system also powers the cooling fans, the fuel pump, the alternator, and the computer. If you have a car with a computerized system, you know this can cause some issues.

Exhaust

The exhaust system is designed to remove excessive heat and harmful gases from the engine. These gases are produced as fuel is burned inside the engine. If these gases aren't removed from the engine, they can build up and cause damage. The exhaust system comprises a series of pipes that run from the engine to the tailpipe. Most of these pipes run underneath the car. If you notice a change in the sound of your exhaust, it could signal a leak. If you spot a small leak, it's best to have it repaired promptly or replaced with a Borla exhaust, for example. If the leak isn't dealt with, it will only get worse. A leak in the exhaust can be harmful to both the environment and the people in the car. Exhaust gases are toxic, and if a leak is large enough, it can be unsafe for passengers.

Brakes

The brakes are an essential part of the vehicle. If you've ever had a vehicle break down, you know how helpful they can be. The brakes are used to slow the car down. Several braking system parts include the calipers, rotors, pads, master cylinder, and fluid. You can visually inspect the brake pads to determine if they need replacing. A squishy pedal can indicate a problem with the fluid. When driving, you may notice a decrease in the braking ability if one of the components isn't working correctly. If you hear a whooshing sound when you press the brake pedal, it could signal air in the system. You should have the car inspected if you notice a significant decrease in braking ability. 

Ignition Coil

The ignition coil is an integral part of the engine. It helps create an electrical current that sparks the fuel inside the cylinders. As the car ages, the electrochemical properties of the coil change. Eventually, the coil can't create a strong enough jolt to spark the fuel. If you notice that you have to turn the key harder than average or can't start the engine, the coil may need to be replaced. The coil is inside the engine and is generally not accessible during a routine oil change. If you notice that your engine is having trouble starting, it's best to have it looked at. 

Tires

Tires are an essential part of the car. They provide traction, create a smooth ride, and help you steer. If you notice a change in the car's handling, it may be time for new tires. Nearly all states stipulate that the minimum tread on a tire is 2.32 of an inch, while some states want 4/32 o steer tires. New tires typically come with 10/32 inch tread or 11/32, so you know what to expect when purchasing new tires. 

Battery Replacement

Many people are surprised to learn that their battery is dead before the engine dies. A dead battery can cause problems with your car's electrical system. The starter motor relies on the battery to power it. If the battery is dead, the starter motor won't turn over the engine. It's always a good idea to have a battery charged or replaced as soon as you notice a problem. According to AAA, the average lifespan of a car battery is 3-5 years meaning you can expect decreased performance and inability to hold a charge once you get past this time unless your battery has an extended lifespan.

Even though different cars are made differently, they all have the same essential parts. Some of these repairs are simpler than others. As a first-time driver, knowing these repairs and having the necessary tools is essential.